Vital Pieces of Controversial Topics Essay

Vital Pieces of Controversial Topics Essay Just continue your introduction short and easy. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must demonstrate your analytical skills. Carry on reading to learn numerous topics that you're able to consider. Learn which of the topics, you currently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. However hard mba case study analysis has to be well written so as to determine what is the solution and what's the issue. Our qualified academic experts will assist you in finding a great persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. There are many sorts of case study topics which can be chosen by anybody. If you are in need of an excellent case study topics in computer science, don't hesitate to get in touch with our team! Together with an attention grabbing title or header, if you prefer to receive your articles read, you want to KEEP the interest of the reader. The second sort is the prototypical kind of case study, which centers on topics that aren't representative right now, but which are anticipated to be so later on. Undoubtedly, it would be easier that you learn more about the topic that's connected to the area of your interest. You should know about them in order to know the particular kind of topic you're given and the best method to go about the writing. If you wish to compose a post but there's too much detail to the topic to truly offer you much assistance then just narrow the subject down to a single step in the procedure. On the flip side, if it's about leadership case studies you're able to choose the illustration of any leader to analyze the circumstance. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a very good cause and effect essay topic. There's an ethical dilemma of competence. The Lost Secret of Controversial Topics Essay Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Always remember an ideal persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. Before beginning, learn more about the way to perform a psychology experiment. College application essay topics are an essential portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. Most students have a tendency to decide on easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doing their very best to express their special qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. If you're a student of psychology, you'd be asked to choose a specific topic for the last research paper. So without further ado, here are a few effective writing tips to create your common app essay stick out! How people will act if there will not be any rules whatsoever. Contribute your thoughts and people are certain to read! When you're writing articles for internet advertising purposes, there are a number of guidelines to follow that will make sure that your articles are read. The Hidden Gem of Controversial Topics Essay Attempt to recheck all of the info you've got in many sources. Other experts analysed Kirsch's dataset utilizing different strategies and came to various conclusions. Don't neglect to inspect the access to resources the topics that you consider. Take notes concerning all possible topics it is possible to consider.

Project Management Quiz - 1439 Words

1) Which of the following statement is true a) Project management is becoming a slandered way of doing business b) Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organisational strategies c) Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firms efforts d) Both a and b are true e) A, b and c are all true 2) Which of the following financial models are typically included in a project a) Payback b) Npv c) Internal rate of return d) Both a and b are correct e) A, b and c are all correct 3) which of the following financial models are typically included in project selection a) payback b) NPV c) Internal rate of return d) Both a and b e) A,†¦show more content†¦ranking official is advocating f) sacred cow g) pet project h) political neccesaties i) special undertaking j) strategic ploy 19) the advert of project management has been most profound k) automobile manufacturing l) contruction m) information technology n) us department of defence o) film making 20) organizations have difficulties in creating a system from managing projects because p) contrary to typical operations projects are one time efforts q) projects are multi disciplinary by organizations are usually departmentalized by disccipline r) projects are not focused on profits s) both a b t) a b c 21) the project manager has the responsibility to answer which of the following questions u) what tasks has to b done v) hu will do d task w) how will da task b done x) how well has the functional input be en integrated y) why will the tasks be done 22) which of these is not part of the technical dimensions of project management z)Show MoreRelatedSoftware Project Management Quiz Questions1182 Words   |  5 PagesIT 2123 - Pre-Quiz Chapters 3 4 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. 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Managing of Hospitality Assets Royal Pine Resort

Question: Analysis of the major renovation in maintainance of the hotel assets of Royal Pine Resort? Answer: Executive summary This report deals with the analysis of the major renovation in maintainance of the hotel assets. For the purpose of analysis the renovation project of hotel room of Royal Pine Resort is selected. This resort is situated on the Gold Coast which is considered to be a tourism hotspot of Australia. The report forecasts the need for renovation within the 1 guest room accommodation of the hotel. The financial viability as well as the economic and environmental viability of the project is judged in order to judge the success rate of the renovation project. From the report it has been clear that renovation is an essential part of asset management because frequent asset modification developes the value and quality of the asset and also adds more life to the asset. The report also focuses on effects of renovation on the stakeholders like the owners, the customers and the employees of the resort in accordance to the renovation. Apart from this the report also covers the technologies used for th e site selection, the feasibility of the renovation project based on the financial analysis and the role of the different management executives within the resort. 1. Introduction Renovations of the hotel assets and spaces are an integral part of the hospitality asset management and maintenance (Kang, K. H., Lee, S., and Huh, C. 2010). This report focuses on the refurbishment plan that is to be undertaken by the Royal Pine Resorts in order to increase the life cycle of the hotel assets and in order to meet demands of the upper income level customers. The report focuses on the renovation plan of Royal Pine regarding refurbishment of the one master bedroom beach guest accommodation to transform the same to royal suite. Since the renovation will require entire change of the 100 hotel rooms and will involve renovating the concerned hotel area adding to the new image of the hotel, hence the renovation may be termed as a master renovation for the management of the hotel. 2. Justification of renovation 2.1 Space for renovation On analyzing the changing preferences of the target tourists, management at Royal Pine identified the needs for the renovation project. The beach view master bedroom is the mostly booked room of Royal Pine because of its beach facing loaction. However, the room is small accommodating only two people. Moreover, the hotel provides internet facilities within the reception and the lobby areas and no internet service within the room. The growing demand for the beach view room by the tourist families have encouraged Royal Pine to undertake the process of renovation to increase the room size and facilities in order to accommodate more than two persons comfortably. Apart from the interiors renovation the hotel management also plans to make significant additions of attached lobbie to the room facing the beach to give the room an aesthetic feel as well as mark the rooms as royal suite (Jefferies, 2000). 2.2 Evaluations of Building quality and design needs The beach- view room of Royal Pine offers around 75% occupancy over the year. The renovation plan will firstly focus on the interior designing of the rooms. The interior designing plan includes: Increasing the room size to accommodate four people (2 adults, 2 children) One king size bed along with additional two small couch Designing of the room using of luxury ceramic tiles instead of carpets and wall covers Tufted headboard to be provided with master bed and couch and use of crystal or ocean blue colors for the interior walls and tiles The proposed floor plan is 22.0 * 56.0 (L*W) that is a total of 1232 ft in dimension, 12.0 in height (Kimes, 2011). Addition of wifi facilities within each room Extension of the room for construction of a beach facing lobby 2.3 Feasibility of the design The design plan has been incorporated keeping in mind the feasibility of its success. The change in the interiors is forecasted to be completed within 8 months from the time of commencement. Since the electricity, water facilities and the inbuilt construction is not changed or renovated, hence the interior decoration will take less time if more labor is employed. Furthermore the management of Royal Pine have also made financial forecasting in order to assess the financial viability of the project (Kirk, 2010). 2.4 Economic Evaluations The overall estimated reconstruction cost for one hotel room interior is around $ 25 million as projected by the local contractors taking into consideration the changes to be made in the furniture, fixtures, equipments, extensions. The management of Royal Pines plans to secure financial loans from the commercial banks in order to finance the renovation projects. The banks however in investment within the real construction sectors adopt a conservative approach analysis (Sturman, Corgel and Verma, 2011). The high growth of the tourism sector of Gold Coast producing around $ 4.7 billion per year shows that the economic conditions of the hotels in Gold Coast are favorable for investment. With the loss of revenue from the 1 room that will be renovated, Royal Pines estimates expenses of $ 21 million. Thus based on the following assumptions Royal Pines can apply for a 50% mortgage loans on a monthly payment terms for 15 years for the financial source (Koh, 2008). The management of Royal Pin es has selected the summers as the best time period when the tourists are low in number and the loss will be less for the renovation. 2.5 Comeptior benchmarking Other competing hotels in Gold Coast are Hilton Surfers Paradise Hotel, Crown Plaza and InterContinental resorts. In order to enhance the quality of the room space, Royal Pines needs to set a benchmark while designing the interiors and planning for the renovations compared to the other competing hotels. For instance, InterContinental hotels provide rooms with club water views, attached breakfast gardens. Special king garden accommodated rooms which may attract the interest of the tourists. Keeping the aesthetic and scenic view standards, Royal Pine has planned to add the personalized beach facing lobby and 3D feel to the room structure. Moreover Hilton surfers Paradise is a completely wifi enabled hotel thereby meeting the needs of the overnight visitors (Kang and Cao, 2012). 2.6 Renovation management The renovation project involves addition of extra space to the already existing rooms. Hence, the management of the renovation will rest with the original management team of Royal Pine. However, the company may appoint an expert company like Hotel renovations and maintenance P/L that is an Australian company engaged in practical constructions and interior designing of the hospitality sectors. The company plans to enter into a lump sum contract with the project construction company with view of making payments as per the completion of the renovation as the high qualities and designs set by Royal Pine (Koh, 2008). 2.7 Stakeholder perspective The management at Royal Pine uses the concept of Stakeholder mapping in order to prioritize the stakeholders who will be affected by the renovations process and produce strategies to manage them. The enhancement of the interiors of the room and the additions of the lobby to the roo will develop a memorable accommodation experience for the visitors. Moreover, the renovation and reinvestment in these improvement constructions will increase the asset lif cycle of the hotels spaces and assets and thereby reduce the preventive maintenance cost of the hotels. This will be beneficial for the management since they will be able to attract more footfalls and increase the revenue generation (Lawson, 2012). However, Royal Pine needs to keep the commercial banks and tourism sector satisfied because these concerned parties will grant the legal and the financial permissions. Thus presentation of financial viability of the project and past revenue generation along with future revenue forecast will h elp Royal Pine to manage these stakeholders. 3. Analysis of the renovation project 3.1 Site selection technology The selection of the renovation project within Royal Pine will depend on certain factors. Walker and Walker (2012) commented that based on the data of historical occupancy and average rate data the portion of the hotel which provides considerable amount of revenue should be selected for renovation. The occupancy rate and the average revenue of the hotel room within Royal Pine will be presented and compared for the purpose of selection of the renovation site Further Penner, Adams and Rutes (2013) suggested that Revenue per available room (RevPAR) is also an effective tool for the measurement of the high yielding rooms. Since interior renovations and additions are a part of the capital expenditure of the company, hence the calculation of the return is essential in this regard. The RevPAR, which is calculated by multiplying the average revenue of the hotel with the occupancy rate, shows that the beach- view rooms are the most important contributors of revenue to the hotel. Since these rooms have prime location facilities, hence the demand for these rooms during the peak seasons are high and hence investments in refurbishment of these rooms will enable Royal Pine to increase the charges of the room in order to secure more revenue (Tagliabue, Leonforte and Compostella, 2012). 3.2 Environmental sustainability Renovation will help in improving the environmental sustainability of the hotels. Royal Pine focuses on addition of lobby to the room, which will face the garden of the resort and the beaches of Gold Coast (Deroos, 2010). The use of the open space will help Royal Pine to highlight the environmental sustainability of the renovated project in future and thereby attract further tourists. Moreover, the use of ceramic tiles will ensure maintenance of sustainability within the luxury rooms. The optimal 3D orientation layout of the rooms will also help in providing space for the visitors and the presence of wide windows will ensure sunlight, breeze, and the feel of the Gold Coast beach within the accommodation facility. Moreover, the hotel management will also cover the windows with solar radiation blocking glass doors in order to create soothing climate within the interiors. 3.3 Financial analysis and risks In order to check the financial viability of the renovation project that Royal Pine will undertake, the management of the company conducted an overall financial analysis of the percentage of occupancies that resulted in the renovated hotels compared to the non-renovated hotels (Kirk, 2010). Figure 1: Changes in occupancy penetration rates for renovated and non-renovated hotels ( Source: Zhu, Franko, Pavelchak and DePersis, 2012, pp-170) The above graph shows that the occupancy of the renovated hotels has increased in the recent years compared to the occupancies in the non-renovated hotels. The figure below shows the overall RevPAR penetration rate of the renovated hotels compared to the non-renovated hotels. From the figure below it is clear that in the initial stages the RevPAR increases in case of renovated hotels, however the trend tends to decrease after some time. This indicates that hotel assets renovation needs to be done every 2 years in order to maintain the financial gains. The financial analysis shows that the renovation of the room will be profitable for the management of the Royal Pine. Figure 2: RevPAR penetration for renovated and non-renovated hotels (Source: Zhu et al. 2012, pp-170) Net present value of Renovated hotels (Assumed figures) Year Net income ($) Discounting factor (12 %) Discounted cash flow 2009 20,000,000 0.89286 17857200 2010 14,800,000 0.797 11795600 2011 18000000 0.711 12798000 2012 20409000 0.635 12959715 2013 24200000 0.567 13721400 Estimated value 69131915 Total value 190,000,000 NPV 120,868,085 Table 2: Net present value of the renovated hotels (Source: Deroos, 2010, pp-98) Figure 3: Income projection (Source: Deroos, 2010, pp-18) The income projection is important in this aspect because depending on the projection the management of the hotel has decided to take up the renovation decision. The return on investment is calculated at 12%. Further the life cycle maintenance is also ascertained before taking the decision of engaging into renovation because if the maintenance does not result into increasing of the life cycle of the hotel then the renovation will not be productive. The management of hotel Royal pine has estimated $ 10,000,000 and a payback period of 3 years. The determination of the payback period shows that the hotel is planning to regenerate the amount of investment within 3 years. The renovation maintenance is considered to be a capital expenditure; however it is undertaken by the hotel companies in order to add to the life cycle of the hotel. The management of Royal Pine made a risk analysis o the project confirming that the renovation project that is to be undertaken for a period of 1 year might give rise to the following risks namely Disruptions caused by construction noises Customers hindrances caused due to air pollution, dust pollution, chemical pollution and moisture that arises from the ongoing construction processes Over population within the hotel, lobby due to presence of construction workers damaging the aesthetic presence of the hotel Financial loss from the reduced occupancy level (Denton and White, 2000) Non acceptance of the new renovated interiors by the customers 3.4 Owners perspective The managers are concerned about the profits of that will arise out of the renovation project. The high NPV and the RevPAR penetration strengthens the decision of the managers as to make investments in the renovation project in order to derive the benefits of increased revenue growth and add to the quality image of the hotel. Further the major advantage of the mangers lie in the increase in the life value of the hotel assets, which is possible through renovation process (Walker and Walker, 2012). 4. Conclusion The report focuses on the need for renovation of assets and spaces within hotel industry. It can be seen that the renovation of the beach- view rooms, which are the primary revenue earner of Royal Pine, is essential for making the resort gain competitive advantage over the other resort and hotels offering ample amount of luxury services. The major risk however, the resort will face will be the loss of revenue from 100 rooms for around 1 year until the renovation process is completed. Moreover, the increase in the price charges for the room in order to compensate for the financial losses may also reduce the footfalls of the tourists. However, renovations of hotel assets are required for the purpose of life cycle management and reduction of the preventive maintenance cost or breakdown of any hotel asset. The renovation process is undertaken in order to meet the changing needs of the customers. Reference list Denton, G. A., White, B. (2000). Implementing a Balanced-scorecard Approach to Managing Hotel Operations The Case of White Lodging Services.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,41(1), 94-107. Deroos, J. A. (2010). Hotel management contractsPast and present.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,51(1), 68-80. Hotels, R. (2012). Resorts.Managed Funds: HEI Funds. HEI Hotels Resorts, nd Available a t https://www. heihotels. com/managed_funds/HEI_funds. html. Accessed February,15. Jefferies, E.J. (2000), ``A preliminary investigation intofacilities management in hotels'', unpublished BA(Hons.) dissertation, University of Strathclyde,Glasgow Kang, F., Cao, R. J. (2012). Space Integration and Quality DetailsAn Analysis of the Design of Shanxi Lvliang International Hotel.Applied Mechanics and Materials,174, 1726-1729. Kang, K. H., Lee, S., Huh, C. (2010). Impacts of positive and negative corporate social responsibility activities on company performance in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,29(1), 72-82. Kimes, S. E. (2011). The future of hotel revenue management.Journal of Revenue Pricing Management,10(1), 62-72. Kirk, D. (2010).Environmental management for hotels. Taylor Francis. Koh, Y. L. (2008). Healing Interior: Using Eastern Design Principles in Hotel Design. Lawson, F. (2012). Restaurants and foodservice facilities.Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data. Penner, R. H., Adams, L., Rutes, W. (2013).Hotel design, planning and development. Routledge. Sturman, M. C., Corgel, J. B., Verma, R. (Eds.). (2011).The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on hospitality: cutting edge thinking and practice. John Wiley Sons. Tagliabue, L. C., Leonforte, F., and Compostella, J. (2012). Renovation of an UNESCO heritage settlement in southern Italy.ASHP and BIPV for a Spread Hotel project-Elsevier Applied Energy. Walker, J. R., and Walker, J. T. (2012).Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed. Zhao, X., Ma, C., Gu, P. (2012). Energy Saving Methods and Results Analysis in the Hotel.Energy Procedia,14, 1523-1527. Zhu, J., Franko, E., Pavelchak, N., and DePersis, R. (2012). Case Study: Worker Lead Poisoning During Renovation of a Historic Hotel Reveals Limitations of the OSHA Lead in Construction Standard.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene,9(9), D167-D171.

The Life of a Slave

Abstract Slaves were captured from Africa, mistreated tortured and abused from the 16th century to early 19th century. This paper reviews the general hardships that a slave went through in the hands of their white masters. The poor living conditions and denial of basic needs. It also features how the law and the constitution of that time never protected slaves.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life of a Slave specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Between 1800 and 1877, millions of slaves were captured from the West African Coast and sailed to North America on over loaded ships through the Atlantic Ocean. The two months trip left many sick and some dead. Those who died on the way were thrown into the ocean a completely barbarous and inhumane action. The survivors were sold on arrival as property to the highest bidder at auctions separating them from their kith and kin[1]. The newly bought slave s were expected to work in the tobacco, sugar, cotton and rice plantations in their new Master’s home. Also all domestic work i.e. cleaning, gardening, nursing, transporting domestic goods etc was done by them. The domestic slaves were referred to as House slaves while the plantation slaves were known as Field slaves. The two kinds of slaves were exposed to different levels of mistreatment, torture and suffering. The house slaves were believed to have better living conditions than the field slaves as discussed below,. House Slaves House slaves had better living conditions compared to field slaves in that they ate better food slept in better shelters and even wore better clothes[2]. William Wells Brown who was a house slave in Lexington, Kentucky revealed his autobiography in a narrative where he clearly states that he was born a house slave and he was better clothed than the slaves the field because he was given the worn out clothes of his masters family, he ate the leftovers and slept in the basement. He also quotes that he was not forced to wake up at the ring of the bell at dawn like the field servants who were severely punished if they were a minute late. William would wake up thirty minutes after the ringing of the bell[3]. This was not what happened in all homesteads as Harriet Jacobs explains how her mistress used to spit on all pans and kettles after being served breakfast on Sunday mornings when she was around to prevent them from eating the leftovers. â€Å"If dinner was not served at the exact time on that particular Sunday, she would station herself in the kitchen, and wait till it was dished, and then spit in all the kettles and pans that had been used for cooking. She did this to prevent the cook and her children from eking out their meager fare with the remains of the gravy and other scrapings. The slaves could get nothing to eat except what she chose to give them† [4].Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's s ee if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Field Slaves After introduction of the plantation system in America farmers discovered that buying slaves was far much cheaper than hiring laborers and this was the main promoter of slave trade in America. Plantation farmers required able-bodied Africans who could undertake strenuous work in the fields for long hours. Field slaves, both men and women, worked in the cotton, tobacco, sugar and rice plantation daily from sun rise to sun set and during harvesting they would work for as long as 18 hours. Pregnant women were not exempted from working till they delivered. Shortly after giving birth, they would forcefully resume to their respective duties and they were only allowed to see and breastfeed their children thrice between sunrise and sunset. The young babies were left at the care of old women who were so weak to work in the fields[5]. They were supposed to cook and look after all children under the age o f working. Another freed slave, Frederick Douglass in his autobiography expresses how they were mistreated and forced to work under harsh weather conditions all through the year. â€Å"We were worked in all weathers. It was never too hot or too cold; it could never rain, blow, hail, or snow, too hard for us to work in the field. Work, work, work, was scarcely more the order of the day than of the night. The longest days were too short for him, and the shortest nights too long for him. I was somewhat unmanageable when I first went there, but a few months of this discipline tamed me. Mr. Covey succeeded in breaking me. I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!† [6]. If a slave was just a few minutes late for his duty he would find himself begging his master to refrain from cruelly punishing him. Men and women were ruthlessly whipped in front of their children. Slave punishment Slaves were punished by their overseers brutally for some common and simple mistakes. According to James Ramsay a doctor in St. Kitts who was working for a number of sugar plantation slaves were butchered and bullied by the ruthless overseers as quoted below.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life of a Slave specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"The ordinary punishments of slaves, for the common crimes of neglect, absence from work, eating the sugar cane, theft, are cart whipping, beating with a stick, sometimes to the breaking of bones, the chain, an iron crook about the neck†¦ a ring about the ankle, and confinement in the dungeon. There have been instances of slitting of ears, breaking of limbs, so as to make amputation necessary, beating out of eyes, and castrati on†¦ In short, in the place of decency, sympathy, morality and religion; slavery produces cruelty and oppression. It is true, that the unfeeling application of the ordinary punishments ruins the constitution, and shortens the life of many a poor wretch† [7]. The Law at that time did not protect slaves in any way from abuse and torture from their masters. The owners of the plantations allowed the Brutal overseers to handle all the supervision of the plantation. They also pressured them for maximum production and this in turn was translated to the slaves through whipping and other inhumane forms of punishment. In some instances it was very extreme to the point that the slaves were tortured to death, Olaudah Equiano gives a perfect example of such a situation where a Negro was hanged to unconsciousness and the burnt to death. It was alleged that the Negro had attempted to poison a brutal overseer but never succeeded [8].More contributions of the law in promoting slavery are discussed below under the Black codes. Slave Branding Slaves were branded as animals with red hot metal on various parts of their bodies e.g. on the cheeks, thighs.and arms. This was to make sure that their owner would easily be recognized by any white man and hence prevent them from running away. For instance in 1838 a slave woman who was branded the letter M on her face had escaped with her two sons and it was advertised in the North Carolina Standard of 28th July that a price of twenty dollars would be offered to anyone who would capture her. Also 1845 one wealthy man branded a boy called Reuben the words â€Å"slave for life† [9] on his face. Slaves Education In North America education for black people was not forbidden by law but in the south it was a crime to educate slaves according to an Excerpt from South Carolina Act of 1740Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whereas, the having slaves taught to write, or suffering them to be employed in writing, may be attended with great inconveniences; Be it enacted, that all and every person and persons whatsoever, who shall hereafter teach or cause any slave or slaves to be taught to write, or shall use or employ any slave as a scribe, in any manner of writing whatsoever, hereafter taught to write, every such person or persons shall, for every such offense, forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds, current money [10]. Black literacy was viewed as a threat to slavery in that the esteemed slaves who were able to write and read, just like singers, they would convince other slaves to revolt against slavery. This was one of the main reasons why the south enacted laws prohibiting their education. Religion played a major role in advocating for slaves education. Anglicans in the south argued that slaves were entitled to a right to freedom of worship and for this to be achieved slaves had to be able to read the word of God from the Bible. This led to amendments of some laws and as a school for slaves was established in South Carolina in 1743[11]. Although more schools emerged White were trying all their best to control it as a result they formulated a curriculum for blacks people that was less competitive compared to the one offered to white children. Almost everyone was forced to participate in educating each other with the little knowledge he had acquired .this happened on the plantations, on holidays when they had free time and at night. This helped in wiping out the clichà © used by most white men, â€Å"the bigger the fool the better the nigger†[12]. Black Codes These were law and constitutional amendments that were enacted in 1865-1866 to ensure that America was dominated by whites and slaves provided cheap labor. It also helped in depriving freed slaves of their liberties for instance the Ohio and Illinois States enacted laws that prohibited black slaves from immigrating in to these states[13]. Most of these laws were meant to suppress freed slaves but some of them showed some sense of morality though in directly e.g. in Texas overseers were incriminated for torturing or using offensive language in front of employers (plantation owners) or their family. The Ku Klux Klan also contributed to the implementation of the black codes by torturing and killing republicans and sympathetic white people who showed mercy on slaves[14]. The Klans dressed fiercely in white robe and conical hats to scare anyone who sided with slaves or advocated for their rights. Conclusion I agree with Eugene Genovese and his book â€Å"Roll, Jordan, Roll: The world the slaves made† where he explains how white considered their feeding and clothing as a burden and a duty they were obliged to not considering their mistreatment and torturing them [15]. They even claimed some appreciation from the slaves to make them feel as normal moral beings[16]. All these were attempts to just ify their evil actions of which they were completely aware of. References Black Codes 1865-66, â€Å"Black codes† http://home.gwu.edu/~jjhawkin/BlackCodes/rptBlackCodes.pdf ,1. Eugene Genovese, â€Å"Roll, Jordan, Roll: The world the slaves made† (2008) http://foseti.wordpress.com/2008/12/21/review-of-roll-jordan-roll-by-eugene-genovese/ , 75,60,146. John Simkin,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Race Relations in the United States† (2008) http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=13774 , para.3 Our Story, â€Å"Historic time period 1801–1877: Slave Life and the Underground Railroad†, http://americanhistory.si.edu/ourstory/activities/slavelife/ Slave Life in Virginia and Kentucky, â€Å"Difficulties of Training me† (nd) http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/fedric/fedric.html , 18. Slave Narratives, †William Wells Brown’s: Narrative of a Fugitive Slave by Christine Haug†, http://www.victoriana.com/history/slavenarratives.htm Slave Punishments, â€Å"Olaudah Equiano: Another negro man was half hanged, and then burnt, for attempting to poison a cruel overseer†, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASpunishments.htm Slavery and the making of America, â€Å"Historical Overview† (2004), http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/history2.html , 2. Slavery and the making of America, â€Å"Original documents† (2004), http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/docs1.html . Spartacus Educational : †House Slaves† (2003), http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASdomestic.htm para.1 Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Field Slaves† (2008) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASwork.htm para.1-3 Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Harriet Jacobs† (2008) ,http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sjacobs.htm Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Slave Punishments: James Ramsay, Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies† (1784), http://www.s partacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASpunishments.htm St. Louis Gazette, (November 6th, 1845) Reuben A slave branded on the face http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbranding.htm Footnotes Our Story, â€Å"Historic time period 1801–1877: Slave Life and the Underground Railroad†, http://americanhistory.si.edu/ourstory/activities/slavelife/ Spartacus Educational : †House Slaves† (2003), http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASdomestic.htm para.1 Slave Narratives, †William Wells Brown’s: Narrative of a Fugitive Slave by Christine Haug†, http://www.victoriana.com/history/slavenarratives.htm Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Harriet Jacobs† (2008) ,http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sjacobs.htm Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Field Slaves† (2008) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASwork.htm para.1-2 Spartacus Educational, Field Slaves (2008) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASwork.htm para.3 Spartacus Educational, â€Å"Sl ave Punishments: James Ramsay, Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies† (1784), http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASpunishments.htm Slave Punishments, â€Å"Olaudah Equiano: Another negro man was half hanged, and then burnt, for attempting to poison a cruel overseer† http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASpunishments.htm St. Louis Gazette, (November 6th, 1845) Reuben A slave branded on the face http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbranding.htm Slavery and the making of America, â€Å"Original documents† (2004), http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/docs1.html Slavery and the making of America, â€Å"Historical Overview† (2004), http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/history2.html , 2. Slave Life in Virginia and Kentucky, â€Å"Difficulties of Training me† http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/fedric/fedric.html , 18. Black Codes 1865-66, â€Å"Black codes† http://h ome.gwu.edu/~jjhawkin/BlackCodes/rptBlackCodes.pdf ,1. John Simkin,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Race Relations in the United States† (2008) http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=13774 , para.3 Eugene Genovese, â€Å"Roll, Jordan, Roll: The world the slaves made† (2008) http://foseti.wordpress.com/2008/12/21/review-of-roll-jordan-roll-by-eugene-genovese/ , 75,60 Eugene Genovese, â€Å"Roll, Jordan, Roll: The world the slaves made† (2008) http://foseti.wordpress.com/2008/12/21/review-of-roll-jordan-roll-by-eugene-genovese/ , 146. This research paper on The Life of a Slave was written and submitted by user Silvermane to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Birth Order Essays

Birth Order Essays Birth Order Essay Birth Order Essay Jennifer Dean Birth Order The birth order as a useful construct would be an essential tool to determine whether or not an individual(s) is possibly predisposed to having any inherent form of maladaptive perfectionism or non-perfectionism behaviors or traits. This type of information would provide some understanding of a clients behaviors prior to seeking professional counseling or group therapy. There have been written over seventeen hundred birth order theories since the first was published by Alfred Adler in 1927. They all differentiate and do not fit every situation. This true with any theory. Alfred Adler in 1927 was the first theorist to emphasize the role of birth order. It suggested that the creation of ones personality is based on the parental influence(s) associated with personality development. (Burger, 2008) Idlers theory of birth order was partly based on his own childhood experiences and his therapeutic sessions with his clients. Alfred Adler believed that everyone has some sort of birth order experience, unless they are an only child. Much of his work was based on his own feelings of inferiority he felt once his sibling was born and his lifelong personal struggle to achieve superiority. Originally, he based his theory was on the idea that from early childhood (possibly even infancy); spend their life trying to overcome any type of emotional, mental, or physical weaknesses. These may be self-perceived or ones that the client felt others perceived about them. These were the deficiencies that they needed to change, in order to regain or reach/strive for superiority. Adler also introduced the Inferiority Concept, which occurs when an individual cannot compensate or cope with what they see as his or her deficiencies. Adler suggests that the firstborn children are naturally showered with an abundance of excessive attention. This comes from all the excitement of the newness, change, happiness and the miracle that is life. With such an event, emotions run high and in most cultures, great priority is placed of the arrival and birth of the first born. Theorist Kevin Leman theorized in his 1985 book Birth Order Book, that the first born child would grow up to be responsible, competitive, and conventional. (Leman, 1985) Upon the arrival of the second child, the first born may feel ignored, non-important, insignificant, replaced and pushed out of the limelight. They tend to develop an inferiority complex due to the possibility of feeling dethroned (Burger, 2008. The middle children tend to develop into very strong, independent, intellectual survivors. Lem mas theory suggests that the second/thereafter child/children will grown up into playful, cooperative, and rebellious individuals. When then third and sequential children arrive, the excitement of a new baby comes and the older children and expected to care more for themselves. The last children tend to get away with more because the parents tend to be more lenient (after having been worn down from the previous children). They may also be coddled or babied- Some older siblings may accuse them of getting away with murder. This possibly stemming from the parents fears and insecurities of empty nest syndrome. From personal experience, I came from a family years my senior. She has and always will be the favorite. I am the middle-the mistake. My brother is six years my Junior and was a desperate attempt to save a failing marriage. He was very sick. If you were to utilize Idlers theories and Lemmas, they would both have merit. My sister definitely is extremely competitive. She has to always be number one and be the center of attention. Yet, the truth is her self- esteem is very low. She is always striving for superiority. I ran away a lot as a child. Vive been on my own since I was 14. I am completely autonomous since. I am a survivor. A bit of a rebel, yet, very loyal to a fault. My brother is a rebel and has a need, a drive, to make people proud. All though I was a middle child, I was removed from my family at an early age. I was in boarding school, etc. I have never seen myself as a middle child. And therein lays the exception- I am more like an orphan or an only child. In conclusion, with all theories come great ideas. Many are based on facts from clinical trials with actual clients and patients. In the psychological field, many re actually from the psychologists/theorists own personal experiences and life. Many of them actually work out their own issues through therapy with helping their clients. While there is a lot of merit to birth order from the psychological perspective, one must never forget that children never ask to be born. It is not their burden to bear-they all deserve a fair and equal chance at life and love. References Burger, Jerry M. Personality, 8 deed. (2008) Retrieved on September 5, 2013 from http:// Lemma, Kevin. Birth Order Book, (1985). Retrieved on September 7, 2013 from Family:]rank. Org/pages/164/birth-order

Find Cars and Trucks With Propane Power

Find Cars and Trucks With Propane Power Propane is a common alternative fuel for fleets, buses, delivery trucks and police cars in the United States. Also known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane powers over 10 million vehicles worldwide, with 270,000 of them on the roadways of America. Unfortunately, you can’t just go to the car dealer down the street and order a propane-powered car. However, there are certified installers that can convert a conventional car or truck to propane with a retrofit package. The U.S. Department of Energy maintains this up-to-date propane information regarding the availability of light, medium, and heavy-duty propane vehicles and conversions, in addition to this searchable database for propane makes and models back to 2001. Propane Vehicles Offer Cleaner Emissions Testing of modern propane-powered vehicles has proven they are far cleaner than conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, converted propane vehicles are significantly cleaner than gasoline since they offer potentially lower toxic, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions. Propane Tax Incentives There are a variety of federal and state-wide incentives for vehicles that use LPG. This propane vehicle incentive database provides current information regarding the incentives and laws for propane-powered vehicles. Find a Propane Filling Station Near You There are over 1,200 propane filling stations in North America. This propane filling station database, maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy, provides current locations of stations in all 50 states. The U.S. Department of Energy also provides updated information on current infrastructure development, and a complete listing of public and private alt fuel fueling stations, searchable by fuel type is also available.

What is the difference between government and governance Essay

What is the difference between government and governance - Essay Example The concept of governance has become prominent in the last decade, and it is considered as the modern political scenario. The notion governance covers a broad range of meanings. One of its very important scopes is the idea that, differing to the classic forms of ‘government’, modern governance is not limited to the national boarders and is not the region of professional politicians. It refers to models of decision-making, taking place in a larger set of institutions, with a broader range of performers and practices. One of the main objectives of those who preserve this new thought is indeed to enlarge the established notion of public contribution beyond the well recognized and constantly waning events of representative democracy. This most likely explains why the concept has found a favourable ground in non state polities such as the European Union. Within this kind of multi-layered polities, electoral systems only play a limited role. The European Parliament has been el ected by universal right of voting since 1979. The Council of Ministers and the European Council are not affected by European elections, and the composition of the Commission is only dependent on the results of these international elections. In this institutional system, where autonomy is pooled and accountability remains divided (Peterson, 1997), elections can not ‘throw the scoundrels out’ (Weiler, 1999). As it does not correspond to the methods of participation and accountability with which citizens are familiar, the EU is often said to suffer from an cordial ‘democratic deficit’, and its constitutional reform is the entity of a permanent debate. Improving its governance is one of the approaches recently suggested to face this major limit of European integration (Magnette, 2003). The earlier thought that national governments are the key actors in public policy and that they are able to power the economy and

Triangle Fire Reflection Occupational Health and Safety as a Community Movie Review

Triangle Fire Reflection Occupational Health and Safety as a Community Health Issue - Movie Review Example The conditions at work were still worse such as absence of safety precautions, few ventilation mechanisms; lack of fire drills, and poor fire exits i.e. locked doors. The triangle fire broke out probably as a result of a mishandled lit cigarette or tossed match which led to an outbreak of fire on the building’s eight floor. Huge flames of fire lit up and spread quickly throughout the building. The factory’s poor conditions of the floor greatly influenced the start of the fire. The top management team were immediately notified of the accident and quickly escaped. However, the situation was unknown till late for workers on the ninth floor who continued their work until they saw fumes of smoke. This caused panic; some run to the stairwell only to be blocked by intensifying flames. Some few were able to use the elevator and others crowded the little fire escape which unfortunately crumbled due to the excessive weight crushing almost 100ft to the ground. Unfortunately the remaining exit was a locked door whose key was carried by a foreman who did nothing to help the situation. Some of the workers resulted in jumping through the windows of the now fully fire encroached building. The fire outbreak led to the loss of the lives of 146 workers. The fire department also is to blame for the loss of life. The response to the fire outbreak was slow and ineffective. Proper strategies were not in place to save lives since some people resulted in jumping through the windows. The department failed initially to ascertain that the factory had adhered to safety standards. The triangle fire served as an important benchmark for future laws regarding fire safety standards. It influenced immensely on the formulation of safety laws across the states regarding safety in the workplace. The tradition negligence of the employees’ safety in the workplace by the

The Conquest Of Mexico Essay Example for Free

The Conquest Of Mexico Essay The Spaniards, in the conquest of the Mexican people, relied just as heavily on chance and luck as they did on their on their skills on diplomacy and military prowess. The sicknesses that the Spaniards brought over with them in addition to the political situation that the Mexica had established with their neighbors is what really brought about the downfall of the great Mexican civilizations. In addition to these factors there was also the fact that up to this point in history the Americas have had very little in the way of contact from the outside world and consequently had next to no knowledge of the civilizations across the sea. When they first encountered the Spanish Conquistadors they held the belief that they were from the gods and that Cortez was the reincarnation of one of their gods and as such welcomed them with open arms. When you take into consideration all of the factors mentioned above you will see that the conquest of Aztecs and other Native American civilizations by the Spanish was accomplished by three major factors: diplomacy, military prowess, and no small amount of luck. The first of those factors is the diseases that the Europeans brought across the Atlantic with them. The most notable disease that caused the majority of the deaths among the Native American people was the pestilence of smallpox. An account of just how devastating smallpox was among a populace whose immune systems had no prior experience with or any way to combat European diseases can be found in book twelve of the Florentine Codex. â€Å"Before the Spaniards came to us, first an epidemic broke out, a sickness of pustules. It began in Tepeilhuitl. Large bumps spread on people; some where completely covered. They spread everywhere, on the face, the head, the chest, etc. [The disease] brought great desolation, a great many died of it. (Lockhart, 1993, 190)† The account goes on to describe the horrors that the disease had left behind in the lives of those who were lucky enough to survive. Many of the survivors had been left horribly scared or even blinded if they were unlucky enough for the disease to spread into their eyes. The main reason that these diseases had such a devastating effect on the natives and not on the Spaniards is the fact that the natives had very little in the way of domesticated animals. The Europeans had for thousands of years been in possession of a great many domesticated animal, such as pigs, horses, chickens, and cows, and it is these animals that are usually the incubators and carriers of a great many deadly diseases. Since the Europeans had been around them for so long their immune systems had adapted to the situation and were able to combat the diseases. The Aztecs had no such advantage. The deadly diseases of Europe were something completely new to them and their immune systems had no way to combat them. The Spaniards had no compunctions about taking advantage of the situation in their conquest of Mexico. Another huge factor that the Spanish had in their favor was the superior weapons that they had at their disposal and huge advantage that the weapons gave them in battle. The Aztec people were severely limited in the type of weapon that they could wield in battle due to the simple fact that their civilization had never discovered the art of metallurgy which Europe had discovered long prior. The weapons that they created were made from wood and stone. One such weapon that the majority of the Aztec warriors had in their possession is described in the book titled Victors and Vanquished. â€Å"Their primary weapon was a kind of wooden sword set with obsidian blades designed for slashing and incapacitating rather than killing an opponent. (Schwartz 2000 11)† The weapons of the Aztec warriors were all similar to that in that they were designed to incapacitate instead of kill. The entire reason for the Aztecs to be at war was the capture of prisoners that they could sacrifice to their gods. The Spaniards were not like that. Their weapons were designed for one purpose, to kill. Many of those weapons, such as the musket or crossbow, had a much greater range than any of the weapons that the natives could field in battle and they had no answer at all to the power of the Spaniards canons. The one factor that made all of every weapon that the Spaniards had at their disposal superior to any Aztec weapon is the simple fact that they were made of steel. There was one obstacle that the Conquistadors had that would prevent them from overwhelming the Aztecs even with their superior weaponry. That aforementioned obstacle was the fact that the Spanish only numbered in the hundreds while the Aztecs had their entire civilization backing them. The way that they were able to overcome that obstacle was through the art of diplomacy. The constant invasions and taking of prisoners by the Aztecs for their human sacrifices had earned them many enemies among their neighbors. When Spain began its exploration of the new world those very same neighbors saw their chance to finally bring about the destruction of their oppressors. An example of this can be found in a Spanish account of the invasion of Chapultepec. â€Å"The war was sustained fiercely on both sides, since on our side we had the help of many Tlaxacalan warriors †¦(Aguilar, 1993, 196)† The constant warfare and human sacrifice that the gods of the Aztecs demanded of them had finally helped to bring about the downfall of that great civilization. There was no one thing that brought about the downfall of the Mexican people. It was a conglomeration of events that finally toppled the great civilizations. The sicknesses and plaques that the Europeans brought over with them played no small part. The way in which the natives waged war was also a significant factor. The factor that really broke the back of the Aztecs was the constant need for human sacrifice. In their dealings with their neighbors they had created the foundation that Spaniards used for the negotiating of allies in the conquest of Mexico. In this collision of two previously separate worlds it was the Spanish who came out as the victor and the Aztecs as the vanquished.

A Feminist Perspective of John Updikes A&P :: A&P Essays

A Feminist Perspective of Updike’s A&P Two Works Cited John Updike’s story, "A&P," starts off: "In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits," and that pretty much sums it all up (Updike 1026). In the story, not only are the girls in bathing suits looked upon as sex objects, but other women are negatively viewed as witches, farm animals, or slaves. This story is about how a young man in the early 1960’s viewed women as a whole, including his own mother. At the beginning of the story Sammy complains about an older woman, a fifty-year-old "witch" with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, who is waiting to check out her groceries. She gets annoyed with Sammy because he is too busy drooling over the young flesh which has just walked in the door (Updike 1026). The first half-naked girl who walks into the A&P and catches Sammy’s eye is a chunky girl with a two-piece plaid bathing suit on that showed off her "sweet broad soft-looking can" (Updike l026). As if staring at this girl’s backside wasn’t enough, Sammy also noticed "those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit" (Updike 1026). How would this girl feel if she knew just how intensely this guy was scoping her out? Or better yet, how would you feel if someone’s eyes were glued to your backside when you were grocery shopping? That behavior, no matter what she was wearing, is totally unacceptable especially in a grocery store. Is Sammy at fault for not having any self control? It might be acceptable for this nineteen-year-old guy to check out a girl in her bathing suit; however, that would not have excused old McMahon, the deli guy, who patted his mouth and "sized up their joints" as the girls walked away from the counter (Updike 1027). "Goony-Goony," the next victim of Sammy’s intentional harassment, was presented in the story as a rather tall girl with "black hair that hadn’t quite frizzed right" for Sammy’s taste (Updike 1026). He found some reason not to be interested in this girl, probably because he was intimidated by her height. Obviously, perfection was not something he saw in anyone, except maybe the girl he referred to as "Queenie," who Sammy says, "has the nicest two scoops of vanilla breasts" he has ever seen (Updike 1028).

Displaced traditional penal practice

To what extent has actuarial Justice displaced traditional penal practice In contemporary societies? The displacement of traditional methods of penal practice within contemporary societies in favor of the more risk orientated model of actuarial justice has proved a contentious issue amongst academic and political discourse and still remains an arena of vigorous debate.The discussion surrounding the progressive area of actuarial Justice may be seen to provide opposing arguments of equal weight and pertinence within modern structures of national criminal Justice systems throughout the globe; however the construction and application f this theoretical model of criminal Justice may differ amongst societies and have heterogeneous effects In combination with differential cultural, economic and Ideological conditions.The concept and practice of actuarial Justice will first be considered and the way it subsequently departs from more traditional procedures of penal practice, primarily analyzi ng western society, with a particular focus upon the British model of criminal Justice. The arguments suggesting that contemporary isosceles are Indeed transposing conventional offender) towards an acknowledgment of potential risky and dangerous populations as a whole ND the consequential strategies of management will subsequently be discussed.Case representations of the way in which differential executions of the same model of actuarial Justice may vary between societies and the disparate consequences they deliver will additionally be considered to highlight the divergent viewpoints and debates encompassing actuarial Justice.Drawing upon the various outcomes actuarial Justice may be argued to impose, with specific reference to the implementation of the indeterminate sentence for public protection (IPP), the debate accentuating the harms and inequalities which are promoted within reticular models of actuarial Justice and thus the argument that on the whole many traditional methods h ave not been displaced in favor of this new risk penology shall be assessed.The concept of actuarial Justice is the process whereby future threats and risks posed by offenders to society are calculated and as such play a dominant role in contributing to prevention techniques and policing which endeavourer to respond to such perceived risk accordingly. Actuarial Justice assumes that deviance within society is habitual and will remain as normalization, viewed as directly resultant of modern society.By this standard, it adopts the position of crime prevention through risk assessment, with a focus upon larger populations deemed dangerous to society opposed to the established approach of criminal Justice which places the individual and their specific offence as preeminent. It is through the depart of individualistic to generalization which has shaped the management techniques associated with actuarial Justice. It can be argued that this model of Justice is consequently unconcerned with t he reformation of offenders, instead seeks to filter particular groups through thaws within the Justice system dependent upon their risk profile.As such it is possible to deduce that actuarial Justice is primarily concerned with the existing and future threat posed upon society by offenders, making the paramount concern crime prevention and constraining lawbreaking activity contrary to providing a suitable response and the comprehension factors contributing to individual criminality. The debate and evidence promoting the implication that actuarial Justice is indeed displacing traditional penal methods is one which is widely and comprehensively presented within both academic and political discourse.Giddiness (1994) proffers the suggestion that societies are to a greater extent preoccupied with the notion of future risk, which may be seen as a by-product of the increased threat posed within the post modern world. Giddiness and Beck (date) refer to this focus upon sustained safety and prevention of future threat the ‘risk society, in which social allegiance to the nation state is dissolved marked by a lack of reverence in traditional institutions and an ascendancy of global forces. Reflexive modernization, described as the possibility of a creative (self-)destruction for an entire epoch: that of industrial society.The ‘subject' of this creative destruction is not the revolution, not the crisis, but the victory of Western modernization' (Beck, date, pop). Concept which undercuts the formations of, for example, class, gender and occupation within the social hierarchy, imposing self-confrontation with the consequences of risk society which may no longer be managed under the practices of industrial societies ‘institutionalized standards'. The paradigm presented by risk society therefore is the split from the protection f the nation state to one of constructing individuals as responsible for their own safety and risk management.The term ‘advanc ed liberal' is deployed by Rose (1996) to further emphasis this social shift, away from the explicit power of the nation state to one which governance is achieved ‘at arm's length', promoting greater independence and need for increased individual responsibilities. This sporadic governance of society is one which is still primarily concerned with the notion of risk and the probability of its subsequent effect, exposing the aggregate populations which are identified as presenting danger society.The focus shifted to an increased managerial approach to crime, aimed at reducing the rate of potential offences and eliminating the presence of ‘carcinogenic situations' (Garland, 1996). This is argued to have marked a divergence from rehabilitative responses targeted at individual offenders, to the generalizes management to particular sections of the population (Simon and Feely, 1992). No longer viewing offenders in a manner akin traditional criminal Justice responses, understandi ng their motives and experiences consequently in need of reformation and treatment but as universal group of potential harm.

Why Standardized Tests Are Ineffective at Measuring a Student’s Capabilities

A Test Destined For Failure In America, standardized testing has become a prevalent method for testing the educational ability of students. Tests such as the SAT for College and the California STAR for elementary and junior high students have been administered since the beginning of the 20th century. These tests are often considered by many as crucial for the academic progression of students into further education, such as an elementary student being promoted from third to fourth grade or a high school senior applying to college. However, standardized tests have setbacks which could jeopardize a student’s future academic progression given he/she fails to pass. Therefore, I believe standardized tests are ineffective at measuring a student’s capabilities and hence interfere with true academic learning. Standardized tests assess the capability of the student to react to the test in an appropriate manner. It does not factor in true knowledge retention, the key element to a successful academic exam. Students who are faced with any form of disadvantage are most drastically affected by the consequences of standardized testing. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing (FairTest) calls these tests â€Å"very inaccurate and encourage the use of overly academic, developmentally inappropriate primary schooling. † â€Å"Inappropriate schooling† is described as â€Å"schooling not appropriate to the child's emotional, social or intellectual development and to the variation in children's development. † Students who are incapable of possessing necessary test-taking skills such as focusing for long durations, budgeting time, etc†¦ fail these tests while their true knowledge of the material may prove otherwise. Students who rely on rote memorization and superficial knowledge pass the test when in fact they should not. Standardized tests are commonly and widely criticized for their bias towards children of â€Å"privileged background[s]† who more likely than others possess â€Å"a set of knowledge and skills† that result in higher scores. Alfie Kohn, an author on education writes â€Å"affluent families, schools, and districts are better able to afford [test preparation materials], and the most effective versions of such [materials]. It is fair to say then, that those receiving a poorer quality education will be at a significant disadvantage compared to those who can or already received quality instruction and education related to the test. Charles Murray, a former Harvard graduate writes in his article â€Å"Abolish the SAT† for the journal The American,† The SAT test isn't the problem. The children of the well educated and affluent get most of the top scores bec ause they constitute most of the smartest kids. They are smart not because their parents are well educated, but because their parents are smart. † Murray summarizes his whole point with a bold claim, â€Å"if you’re rich, you can buy your kids a high SAT score. † Although the topic of standardized testing is widely debated and argued, the notion of such an important test with many innate flaws existing in the education system is shocking and appalling to many. Standardized tests were created to assess a student’s true academic potential. However, the variables and factors that influence these tests cause standardized testing throughout the world to be ineffective at that task. Works Cited FairTest. â€Å"How Standardized Testing Damages Education. † FairTest. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing, 20 Aug. 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. . Kohn, Alfie. â€Å"Standardized Testing and Its Victims. † Education Week. Alfie Kohn, 27 Sept. 2000. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. . Murray, Charles. â€Å"Abolish the SAT. † The American. The Journal of the American Enterprise Institute, July 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2011. .

This is Why Your Resume Was Rejected [Infographic]

This is Why Your Resume Was Rejected [Infographic] There are many reasons as to why your resume was rejected. The folks over at behiring.com have compiled an infrographic detailing the top reasons why your resume was rejected. Check the reasons out below:

How to Say Hello in 30 Different Languages

How to Say Hello in 30 Different Languages SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It’s estimated that there are anywhere from 3,000 to 5,000 different language dialects currently spoken around the world. If you’re a world traveler or just interested in other cultures, you might be interested in learning to say hello in different languages. While we won’t cover all 5,000 here, we will teach you how to greet people in 60 different ways. How to Say Hello in Different Languages The chart below outlines how to say hello in thirty different languages. Language Informal Greeting Formal Greeting Arabic Ahlan Asalaam alaikum Bulgarian Zdrasti Zdraveĭte Chinese NÇ  hÇŽo NÇ n hÇŽo Dutch Hallo Goede dag English Hey Hello French Salut Bonjour Gaelic Hug Dia dhuit German Hallo Guten tag Greek Yasou Kalimera Hebrew Shalom Shalom aleichem Hindi HÄ“ NamastÄ“ Icelandic Hallà ³ Gà ³Ãƒ °an dag Indonesian Salam! Selamat siang Italian Ciao Salve Japanese YÄ , _YÃ…  Konnichiwa Khmer Suosdei Suostei Korean Anyoung Anyoung haseyo Polish Hej Cześć Polish Cześć! DzieÅ„ dobry! Portuguese Oi Ol Romanian Hei BunÄÆ' ziua Russian Privet Zdravstvuyte Spanish  ¿Quà © tal? Hola Swahili Hujambo Habari Swedish Hej God dag Tahitian Ia ora na Ia ora na Turkish Selam Merhaba Vietnamese Cho Xin cho Welsh Helo Shwmae Zulu Sawubona Ngiyakwemukela When to Use the Formal or Informal Version of â€Å"Hello† Think about how you say hello to your friends versus how you say hello to your friends’ parents. When you’re speaking to older people or people that you don’t know very well, you’ll want to use a more formal version of a greeting. Formal greetings are appropriate in most business situations or situations where transactions are occurring, such as at a store or in a restaurant. If you’re not sure, it’s a good idea to wait until someone speaks casually to you before speaking casually to them. Pay attention to what the people around you are saying. What makes something formal or informal varies by language and location. You’ll likely find that people start to use casual greetings over time, once you get to know them more. When in doubt, use a formal greeting. Final Thoughts Learning to say hello in different languages is a fun way to get to know the local culture when you travel. Use these greetings on your next journey abroad. What's Next? Interested in learning Japanese?Learn how to say "good morning" in Japanese, plus nine other key greetings. Want to learn the longest word in Italian? Check out our article on how to say "hello" (and other things) in Italian (coming soon). What's the best foreign language to take in high school?If you're wondering which language to study, check out our guideon which foreign language you should learn in school.

Horizontal Bullying in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Horizontal Bullying in Nursing - Essay Example The essay "Horizontal Bullying in Nursing" represents various violent activities taking place in the nursing workplace, these include horizontal bullying, verbal and nonverbal attacks, violence that is horizontal and lateral in nature and anger. Such actions take place at different levels within the profession of nursing. These activities are experienced at the level of the nurse to nurse, physician, to nurse, nurse to physician and patient to nurse. Bullying can be verbal in nature; this takes place when the receiver of a message interprets the message to be harsh and aggressive in nature. Ample amount of research has been conducted in the field of nursing in the nation of Australia regarding the subject of violence and bullying, researchers in these nations denotes workplace aggression with the term bullying. The term bullying comprises of three elements, firstly an act is referred to as bullying in nature only when the person being treated feels that the act was bullying like and the act does not depend on the intention of the person who has conducted the act. Secondly, if an action needs to be referred to as bullying, it should negatively impact the victim. Lastly, an act is regarded as bullying when the same act is continuously carried out even knowing that the act is negatively affecting the victim. Bullying can arise at different levels such as the supervisor, the subordinates or coworkers can all indulge in the act of bullying. Therefore, horizontal bullying can be of both physical and vocal in nature.... Kind Horizontal bullying can be of both physical and vocal in nature and in the field of nursing, the prevalence of verbal bullying is more witnessed. Farrell states that verbal horizontal bullying consists of any kind of ill treatment that is verbal in nature and this kind of treatment makes the victim feels that he has been attacked either in personal or professional manner and the victim might experience humiliation (Vessey, 2010). This kind of treatment can take both overt and covert forms, researchers state that the highest percentage of communication that arises is nonverbal in nature and this causes ambiguity and may have much more impact on an individual than attacks that are overt in nature. Overt bullying and covert bullying can take several forms, over bullying may include criticizing, shouting and name calling for another individual and covert bullying may consist of ignorance, whining and sarcastic behavior against another subject (Hutchinson, 2010). Intention The intent ion that one nurse has for attacking another nurse by finding faults in them and their working and by complaining behind their back is to conduct an attack, ensure that a coworker is devalued and punished in the organization and to make him/her look bad in the eyes of others (Ferns, 2009). Several times the nurse who conducts the act of horizontal bullying is not conducting the act intentionally and the reason for conducting the act provided by them is because they feel that they are maintaining high standards of quality care by their actions. Nursing is a profession that is based upon the concept of caring and in such a profession, behaviors such

Hilda Polacheck, I Came a Stranger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hilda Polacheck, I Came a Stranger - Essay Example The aspect of citizenship manifest strongly in the Hilda Polacheck of â€Å"I Came a Stranger.† The narration by Hilda about her life experiences gives us a view of the historical perspectives of citizenship in America. When arriving in USA with the mother and the siblings, Hilda Polacheck experienced the problem of gaining access to the American social system. Hilda narrates how the immigration officers in America confined her family and immigrants in a camp with deplorable conditions. The reason for the treatment was to prevent entry of people who become a public charge, and burden the government. The American authority of the time only allowed entry to immigrants who could support themselves. This experience by Hilda Polacheck helps us understand the history and significant of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 2008. A clause in the Act prohibits issue of citizenship to immigrants who can become a burden to the public. 1The immigration officials have the responsibilities to examine skills, financial resources, physical abilities, health status and education of the immigrants before allowing entry into the country. During the historic America, there was a belief that poor immigrants would flood the country with anticipation to enjoy the economic prosperity. 2To become an American citizen through naturalization is never easy or automatic. A person has to undergo various screenings, and must have stayed in America for longer time. The given immigrant applying for naturalization must proved with authentic documentation that they have stayed in America longer enough to warrant issue of citizenship. This aspect of citizenship is evident the narration of Hilda Polacheck. In the book, Hilda mentions that her father died without having gained citizenship despite having applied. The reason given for the reluctance by the US official was that the

Case study Ice-Fili Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ice-Fili - Case Study Example In addition, emergence of a large number of domestic producers also contributed to the market share erosion of the firm in the recent years. Russian ice cream market has also declined over the last decade. The company gave primary focus to product quality and therefore it continued to use natural ingredients while foreign manufacturers widely used chemical preservatives to increase the durability of their ice cream products. This approach not only assisted the foreign players to make their products durable, but also aided them to reduce the costs. Thus they obtained competitive advantages over the traditional players like Ice-Fili. In total, the company’s traditional product policies also played a crucial role in reducing its dominance in the Russian ice cream market. The case study indicates that Russian ice cream market exhibits strong seasonal fluctuations. The country’s ice cream consumption normally reaches at its peak during the summer season. The Russian ice cream consumption has notably declined by the early 21st century as compared to other developed economies like the United States, France, and Canada. Regional Russian producers do not give much emphasis to the promotion of ice cream products and this adverse situation keeps the country’s ice cream industry down despite the high level affordability of ice cream products in Russia. As Rukstad Wells and Yin, point out, beer, soft drink, and confectionary industries take advantages of this favorable situation (To illustrate, the production of beer was up 23%, soft drinks 25%, and confectionaries 8% in 2000 whereas the production of ice cream was down 3.5% in the same period as compared to the previous year) which in turn worsen the growth of Russian ice cream industry. Degree of competitive rivalry is very high in Russian ice cream industry. The exhibit

The Effect of Gangs in the Community

The Effect of Gangs in the Community How to define a gang has always been a matter of controversy. The relationship of the gang to its local community and the salience of race have been at the heart of academic and popular differences on the nature of gangs., according to the Gang Research. In the current essay I would like to describe the effects of gangs in the community and the effects of community policing. These two issues are important and cause many problems in society. Nowadays, the effect of gangs in community is negative and annoys people. People are disturbed by the groups of people trying to harm the society. Modern society faces many different problems, including terrorism and gangsters. People unite and form groups of particular interests, forming the gang. Gang is a group of people engaged in banditry. Gangsters are the people in the criminal law that have committed one of the most dangerous crimes against the foundations of public administration and society, as described in Gangs and their effect on community.  Criminal laws of various states do not always provide special offense thuggery, but many countries are close to this type of crime compounds (burglary, various kinds of violent acts, etc.).   Banditry actions Often there are referred to banditry actions of the various armed rebel groups and wars. For example, the used phrases like Chechen bandits, gang Makhno, etc. Use of the term among the bandits against members of such groups was intended to provide them common criminals rather than political opponents. It is also necessary to  note that participants in such anti-government groups may, together with political objectives and goals pursue personal enrichment (through robberies, ransom for the hostages, etc.), as stated in Gang research. The gang often refers to organized street gangs controlling a territory or a hood (neighborhood).  Street gangs are probably the most famous Bloods, MS-13, and Crips from South Central Los Angeles.  Members of street gangs are black with large majorities, followed by Latinos and Slavs.  They come from poor neighborhoods in North America and Central America.  Bloods and Crips have been the subject of many Hollywood movies depicting the life of gangster in Los Angeles.  Colors, with Dennis Hopper and Sean Penn are one of the first of its kind.  Other fraternities such as motorcycle clubs like the Hells Angels and the criminal organizations (Sicilian Mafia, Chinese triads and Japanese yakuza) are often referred to as gangs.  The first gangs emerged in Los Angeles in the black ghettos and then in other major cities like New York and Chicago, but Toronto and Montreal in Canada, to name a few.  Community negatively perceives the existence of the gangs and tries to avoid the m. The majority think that this problem has to be more effectively controlled by the government, as stated in Gangs and their effect on community. Environment and gang activity Quite often in environments suffering socially and economically provide gang members (mostly youth) a sense of belonging and protection against other gangs. Through this ritual, the violent practices of dress codes, a code of honor   Often where the prospects of gainful employment are low, gangs provide illegal means of earning a living.  Such as trafficking in narcotics or stolen property, extortion, assault They are very diverse and different, and sometimes become targets of choice for some ideological and extreme beliefs, which influence and motivate them, as described in Gang research. Unfortunately, innocent people can get caught in the crosshairs, so all those who live in the community where a gang is present are in greater danger as a result of the affect of the gang on their society., according to the Gang Research. Gangs in New York In the U.S., the term gang used for a street gang, back in the 1860s formed such criminal organizations, such as the Irish Boodles in New York City.  Pushed by the waves of immigration increased the formation of ethnically based street gangs.  In these Big Five were called classic bands, the Irishmen organized in the Whyos, Hudson Dusters, or Gophers, Italians in the Five Points Gang and Eastern European Jews in the Eastman Gang.  After 1900, there were essentially only the Eastman and Five Points left, as described in Gangs in America.   Almost all of these Big Five were from politicians of the Tammany Hall secured; gangs such as the Eastman Gang and the Whyos offered illegal services for a price list.  However, the Mafia and the Camorra in New York City had come.  About the Black Hand Gang, the Unione Sicilian was undermined.  The over-controlled Italian voices were certainly of interest of Tammany Hall, as stated in Gang research.  Funded by the alcohol prohibition were formed out of the five clans today known as La Cosa Nostra American Mafia, also called the Five Families.  Accordingly, it came to the dissolution of traditional street gangs of New York City to 1920.  While this entry focuses gangs in the United States, gangs are a recognized feature of urban life in areas as diverse as Johannesburg, Rio de Janiero, Paris, and Hong Kong., according to the official data. Gangs in Los Angeles A hotbed of banditry in the U.S., the city of Los Angeles, California.  In particular, the district South Los Angeles is the most dangerous region of town.  Here you fight the Bloods and Crips, the 38th Street Gang, the 18th Street Gang, the Mara Salvatrucha, the mutually Florencia 13 and other gangs.  In addition, there are always conflicts between African Americans and Latinos, as stated in Gangs in America.  All these gangs lay claim to a particular territory and have their own distinctive mark, such as colors, clothing, tattoos, hand signs and graffiti.  Historically, returns the current path from Los Angeles to increasing conflicts between blacks and whites in the course of the 1940s.  At that time, many blacks moved to Los Angeles, but could find no ghettos in the then appropriate accommodation.  The attempt from the break ghetto and to purchase in other parts of the city housing, put the local white residents against strong segregation efforts, ranging in some ca ses up to the inclusion of racial restrictions in the land book and much of the city for non-whites out of reach made.  Only in the south and southwest, where the residential areas of the lower middle class were white, blacks still could not find housing, but also here met with the resistance, as stated in Effects of Gangs. Mid to late 1940s was against this background, black residents from the borders of the Central Avenue-ghettos terrorized by gangs of white youths as the Spookhunters. In return, were founded the first black gangs like the businessmen, Slauson or flips, which are often offered the only protection against racist attacks, but also constitute a cultural or social home, as described in Gang research. Mark Twain on Gangs In his 1884 classic Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain described the elaborate oath that the imaginative Tom Sawyer creates for members of his potential gang. Now well start this band of robbers and call it Tom Sawyers Gang. Everybody that wants to join has got to take an oath, and write his name in blood., as stated in the Chapter 2. In Huckleberry Finn. This shows the simple way of the creation of a gang, and the consequences can be much more complicated for both- the society and members of the gang. Todays members of the gang are criminals and they can not be distinguished in their actions from the other criminals. Community relation to Gangs Some people believe that the gangs have become a permanent feature of the urban landscape around the world, as described in Gang Research. Community strives to do anything possible to prevent gang crimes, to make the life safes and to create foundations that will be able to protect them. In the modern world cooperation and communication on the topic of gangs in extremely important, as today the number of crimes is very high and people feel less safe each day. Without the cooperation of the community and police it will be very difficult to protect the families and to live in safety. As a fact, an unsupervised lower-class peer group, with leadership, structure, and adherence to a local territory is formed in the society and make the living even more difficult and unforeseen, as described in Addressing Community Gang Problems. People are disturbed and nervous because of the gangs present in the cities, as these local groups are capable to do anything from the theft to murder. Scary stories about them and no clear changes of the government considering the gangs have not changes the situation for the better. The Effects of Community Policing The concept of community police officers (called Community Policing and Neighborhood Policing) is based on the assumption that an effective fight against crime and antisocial behavior requires close cooperation between the Police and members of the community.   Community Policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows police and community residents to work closely together in new ways to solve the problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorders, and neighborhood decay., as stated in The Effects of Community Policing and Technology on Index Crime Clearance Rates. Assumptions concept. The concept of community police patrols involves increasing the number of pedestrians  Police officers (and other similar services), they should be the members of the communities in which they work.  Building mutual trust and faith in the rule of law continues in through the establishment of direct contacts with the people-police should be open to citizens by showing patience, understanding and willingness to help, even if you entrusted to the problems have no direct connection with the violation of the law.  Conceptually, the police officer has to be more a sort of friend than a civil servant and representative government.  You can then count on the active participation of community members in efforts to combat crime.   The man goals of the community policing are: to bring community resources together to solve problems, decrease fear of crime, to listen to and address citizen concerns, to increase public confidence in the Police Department, to impact specific crime problems, and educate the public about its Police Department. Social scientists have differed on whether or not gangs necessarily exhibit criminal and delinquent activity. Some hold that gangs are fundamentally the product of delinquent subcultures; others believe gangs are a response to social disorganization. The United States National Youth Gang Center reports there are about 25,000 gangs in the United States, with nearly three quarters of a million members., according to the Gang Research. In the past, the view prevailed that the task of the Police is merely react-in a manner provided by law-the fact of the crime (the repressive function).  There was allowed only interference with pathology.  Today, there are beliefs that the role of police is not only to ensure safety, but also to concern for the quality of community life.  The first step should be here to determine the needs (problems) given community (for example, homelessness, importunate begging, alcohol abuse), and then preparing and implementing programs tailored to these specific needs.  It is desirable here also active as organizing talks drugs or encouraging young people to play sports. Community Policing (the police public service), and neighborhood policing (neighborhood) is a strategy and philosophy of policing based on the belief that the cooperation and support of the public can contribute to the control of crime.  The public can help identify what is suspicious and police have focused on existing problems.  The community ahs to become involved in the life of humanity, as there can be presented many crimes with the help of cooperation. Strategy When using the strategy of community policing officers and police departments, they are regarded as part of the public.  Cities and countries that have adopted this philosophy, directed more than traditional police departments to the concept of policing as a public service.  Community policing is usually more in the emphasis on walking patrol activity than that the police checked the place and also visited them in cars.  The basic idea is to build confidence and a sense of reciprocity between the police and the public.  This approach requires that the police were helpful, impartial and sensitive to the interests and concerns of others, and there is also known as a new form of police work. Although the police disagrees with the complainant (the developer), they should try to understand this problem.  The police would have to show empathy and participation, but not to be enrolled in the automatic way.  The police must also improve their planning, problem solving, organizati on, interpersonal communication, and most importantly in critical thinking, as described in Gangs, Gang membership, and comprehensive strategies.   A change in its police service to the public is how the police can identify what is truly high-quality service and how it subsequently provided to the public.  In the past, police always respond only to specific problems, and do so quite peculiar way and did not pay almost no attention to the proactive approach.  For this, the work of the police today is truly effective, and there is the need to:  take seriously the needs of the public, take into account the needs of police actions and programs, which are then focused on the public. It is in this sense that the police are becoming more receptive to public needs and can also better understand how their work has an impact on society.  It is said that this philosophy is created by Tom Potter, former police chief in Portland, Oregon, when a young policeman patrolling activities are performed.  Other legends were Sir Robert Peel, who came up with nine principles, on whom stands a modern police work. Community policing Community policing- are the social attitudes in a system of relationships between people, the rules of mutual behavior and dormitories, the applicable laws, customs and traditions, and moral norms.  Public order is a whole set of systems of social relations, which develops as a result of social norms: law, morality, norms of public organizations, non-legal norms of customs, traditions and rituals. Public order and public safety are the main objects of protection in the work of the interior.  The socio-legal categories, covering specific sphere of social relations, are characterized by a number of features that define the content of the activities of internal affairs for the protection (security) of these relations, as described in The Effects of Community Policing and Technology on Index Crime Clearance Rates.   First, public order and safety apply to all citizens without exception, and from birth until death.  Second, public order and public security tend to focus on elementary actions, deeds and rules of human behavior.  They occur openly and publicly, and usually they are understood by others.  Third, public order and safety are governed by the law as well as other social and technical norms (morality, customs, traditions, and even fashion).  Fourth, in the sphere of public order and safety annually there are made a huge number of offenses, the tens of millions.  And all offenders, and that much of the population, one way or another can be subjected to the forced exposure of the police.  Fifth, in the field of public order and safety there is circulation of objects and subjects of high risk: the acquisition, storage, use, transportation and civil service firearms, explosive and highly toxic substances, radioactive isotopes, etc. Therefore, licensing and permitting activities o f the Interior  exercising state supervision and control in this area, allows preventing and suppressing the violation of the rules and thereby minimizing the occurrence of serious implications, as a rule, in violation of relevant rules, standards and requirements.  Sixth, with the sphere in question that is closely connected with such dangerous anti-social phenomena as drug addiction, alcoholism, prostitution, vagrancy and begging. That is why, in some cities there are special units, the so-called morality police.  Seventh, in the sphere of public order and public safety are regularly held various mass public events with a large concentration of people in different rooms or in a limited area, which often poses a threat to life and health, the normal functioning of organizations.  These include political (rallies, marches, demonstrations), economic (picketing, hunger strikes), cultural and entertainment (festivals, concerts, days, cities), sports (Olympics, football and hock ey competitions), religious and other public events.  Their implementation requires a great deal of organizational work of the interior, bringing order to ensure order and security of considerable forces and means of the police and interior troops. Community policing is described as the state of social relations, which enforced the law and other legal rules, one of the components of the social order.  This is the state of the actual settlement of social relationships, qualitative expression of the rule of law.  In addition to compliance with the law enforcement in society, it is ensured by the customs, norms and morals, the internal rules of organization, etc. The rule of law is characterized by a level of legality in the state and the degree of realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as their performance of public authorities and duties conferred by law, as stated in The Effects of Community Policing and Technology on Index Crime Clearance Rates.   Solving the crimes in the local areas has always been challenging. When community policing is practiced in conjunction with some investigation variables, it has significant mixed (positive and negative) interaction effects on murder and robbery clearance rates., as described in The Effects of Community Policing and Technology on Index Crime Clearance Rates. Nowadays, technology has positive effects in investigation and in doing the corresponding research.   Positive interaction effect with community policing on different issues is beneficial for the society. Proper management of the situation and involvement of people who care about their safety is helping a lot, when the case is connected with the gangs. There is created a framework and the detection of crimes becomes more real and much quicker, and as well, this helsp to pertain to terrorism and national security Structure of Community policing Structure of the Community policing are the  legal organization of society (laws and legitimize their government agencies and non-state actors and citizens);  relationship and communication in society;  and certain (normative) order of these relationships and bonds (clear definition of the status of members of their subjective rights and legal duties, powers).   Community policing can be classified according to the territorial coverage (the rule of law in the state, city, etc.), as well as branches of law and legal coverage (constitutional, administrative, financial, etc.), according to U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented policing Services.   Classifications of the community policing: Symptoms: to allocate the following signs of enforcement:  Certainty.  Community policing is based on specific formal-legal regulations.  System: community policing is a system of relations based on a single essence of law, the prevailing form of ownership, the system of economic relations and provides a unified force of state power.  Organization: community policing occurs when there are organizing activities of the state, its bodies. State warranty: the existing rule of law is guaranteed by the state, protects them from violations.  Stability: arising under state law and ensures the rule of law is quite stable. Unity: based on common political and legal principles that will ensure the unity of the state and the rule of law, order for the whole country.  All these components are equally guaranteed by the state, any of the violations are considered violations and repressed by state coercion. It is obvious that the gangs affect the community in different ways, as it depends on where a person lives. According to the survey done by the  National Criminal Justice Reference Service, the specific results of a 2008 show that the gangs in the community cause: rise in violent crime and  drug  related arrests and rise in robbery and  homicide  cases, as described in Effects of Gangs. Considering these facts, there is a considering influence from the gangs on community, especially there is a negative effect, which leads to the increased crime and also to the higher risk for the people to get hurt. The gangs make people feel danger and insecurity in the community, as no one can protect people from the gangs if the measures are not taken. Conclusion All in all, it can be said that there are many issues that disturb the society and there is a considerable influence from the gangs. The effects of gangs in the community and the effects of community policing take place in the society, but there have to be taken more proper measures to ensure safety and living in comfort for the people. As a fact, the best way is to eliminate the groups of people who harm the society. Consequently, there has to be tighter cooperation between the community and police, there has to be developed the new of communication, etc. There have to be present the newest technologies that will allow police to take proper actions and to know everything in advance. Nowadays, the importance of the national security has become one of the main issues, as different circumstances lead people to committing different crimes, either in groups or individually. This problem has to be revised at the state level and its importance does not have to be underestimated under any c ircumstances.